The most common cause of a blocked blood vessel is a blood clot, also known as thrombosis. Shock liver can also be caused by blocked blood vessel of liver including both hepatic artery and portal vein, due to either narrowing or blockage of the vessels. There can also be an increased need of blood or oxygen in the body such as in sepsis that might also lead to shock liver. The decrease in oxygen level in the body may be contributed to severe respiratory disease, which might also lead to shock liver. Blood flow may be decreased in cases of heart failure, or sudden/acute large decrease in blood pressure due to either severe dehydration, profuse bleeding and/or a severe infection in the body. The most common cause of shock liver is the decreased blood flow throughout the body leading to decreased blood flow to the liver. Shock liver is caused due to impaired blood flow or oxygen and/or both to the liver. If patient has pre-existing liver cirrhosis then it might even lead to liver failure. Patients with shock liver show symptoms of fatigue, weakness, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, liver tenderness, hepatomegaly, low urine output (oliguria) and mental confusion that might even lead to hepatic coma in rare cases. Generally, hepatitis is the inflammation of liver that is mostly seen in viral hepatitis or toxic hepatitis with an increase in liver enzymes however, shock liver does show an increase in liver enzymes without any liver inflammation. The prevalence of shock liver has been noted around 2.4-11% in intensive care unit (ICU), which is frequent in patients with critically ill diseases such as severe anemia, chronic pericardial constriction, cardiac arrest and shock. Shock liver is also known as ischemic hepatitis, acute hepatic infarction or hypoxic hepatitis, is a state of decreased perfusion (blood flow) and/or passive congestion to the liver resulting in liver cell damage (necrosis) due to significant hypotension and/or hypovolemia.
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